Abdulwahid M. Salih, Rebaz M. Ali, Ari M. Abdullah, Aras J. Qaradakhy, Ahmed H. Ahmed, Imad J. Habibullah, Sarwat T. San Ahmed, Mariwan L. Fatah and 4 more
Introduction Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is a rare malignant salivary gland tumor that can lead to severe complications and carries a risk of distant metastasis. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of CXPA through a case series and a review of the literature. Methods This was a…
Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma: A Case Series and Literature Review
Abdulwahid M. Salih, Rebaz M. Ali, Ari M. Abdullah, Aras J. Qaradakhy, Ahmed H. Ahmed, Imad J. Habibullah, Sarwat T. San Ahmed, Mariwan L. Fatah and 4 more
IntroductionCarcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is a rare malignant salivary gland tumor that can lead to severe complications and carries a risk of distant metastasis. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of CXPA through a case series and a review of the literature.
MethodsThis was a single-center retrospective case series. The patients were included from November 2018 to December 2024. All confirmed cases of CXPA that were diagnosed and managed with complete clinical data were included in this study. Cases with incomplete data were excluded.
ResultsSix patients were included, with ages ranging from 45 to 88 years (mean ± SD: 64 ± 15.36; median: 62). Most were male (66.7%), with an even distribution of occupations. All presented with preauricular swelling lasting 2 to 10 years, and three had left-sided tumors. Fine needle aspiration identified 33.3% as benign and 16.7% as malignant. Ultrasound examination showed solid tumors in four cases, three of which were well-defined. Three (50%) underwent total parotidectomy, and three (50%) underwent superficial parotidectomy. Histopathological examination revealed adenocarcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma in 50% and squamous cell carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma in 16.7%. Tumor sizes ranged from 3.5 to 6 cm (mean: 4.73 ± 1.24 cm). Capsular invasion was present in all cases, with lymph node involvement in 33.3%, lympho-vascular invasion in 16.7%, and perineural invasion in 50%. Adjuvant therapy included radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.
ConclusionAlthough CXPA is very rare, it is a serious condition; surgical approach with or without adjuvant therapy may result in preferable outcomes.
Fahmi H. Kakamad, Dilan S. Hiwa, Aland S. Abdullah, Hiwa O. Baba, Aso S. Muhialdeen, Sarwat T. San Ahmed, Mariwan L. Fatah, Rezheen J. Rashid and 2 more
Introduction Thoracic duct cysts are an uncommon phenomenon, especially within the cervical region. Due to its limited reported cases, very little is known about its etiology, presentation, and management. This systematic review is conducted to shed light on the ways the cyst presents and the outcomes of different…
Presentation and Management of Cervical Thoracic Duct Cyst: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Fahmi H. Kakamad, Dilan S. Hiwa, Aland S. Abdullah, Hiwa O. Baba, Aso S. Muhialdeen, Sarwat T. San Ahmed, Mariwan L. Fatah, Rezheen J. Rashid and 2 more
IntroductionThoracic duct cysts are an uncommon phenomenon, especially within the cervical region. Due to its limited reported cases, very little is known about its etiology, presentation, and management. This systematic review is conducted to shed light on the ways the cyst presents and the outcomes of different treatment regimens.
MethodsThe EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were thoroughly screened to identify any studies published in English up to March 24th, 2024.
ResultsThe average age of the patients was 47.8 years, with 9 (56.3%) females in the study population. The mean size of the cysts was 5.99 cm, and the most common symptom was pain, present in 5 (31.3%) patients. The most common management approach chosen for 6 (37.5%) patients was simple follow-up and observation, followed by surgical excision in 5 (31.3%) patients.
ConclusionPatients with thoracic duct cervical cysts may be asymptomatic or present with pain. Both surgical excision and conservative management may yield satisfactory outcomes.
Zardasht Mahmud Ahamed, Hardi Mohammed Dhahir, Miran Mawlood Mohammed, Rebaz Haji Ali, Shko H. Hassan, Aso S. Muhialdeen, Yadgar Abdulhameed Saeed, Mariwan L. Fatah and 9 more
Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), an AI-powered chatbot, in providing treatment recommendations for head and neck nodules. Methods Ten diverse cases were examined, including individuals with varying ages and conditions such as thyroid…
Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT and Human Decision-Making in Thyroid and Neck Swellings: A Case-Based Study
Zardasht Mahmud Ahamed, Hardi Mohammed Dhahir, Miran Mawlood Mohammed, Rebaz Haji Ali, Shko H. Hassan, Aso S. Muhialdeen, Yadgar Abdulhameed Saeed, Mariwan L. Fatah and 9 more
IntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate the performance of Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), an AI-powered chatbot, in providing treatment recommendations for head and neck nodules.
MethodsTen diverse cases were examined, including individuals with varying ages and conditions such as thyroid nodules and suspicious neck lesions. The decisions made by ChatGPT were compared to those of physicians. Data were collected from the Smart Health Tower on May 2, 2023.
ResultsAnalysis of the cases revealed that ChatGPT provided recommendations that aligned with physicians' decisions in seven cases. However, disparities were observed in three cases (N5, N8, N10). Discrepancies were influenced by factors such as nodule size, thyroid function, and the presence of associated symptoms.
ConclusionThe findings suggest that ChatGPT can assist healthcare professionals in formulating individualized diagnoses and treatment strategies for head and neck nodules. However, further research is needed to validate the performance of ChatGPT in larger patient populations and assess its long-term impact on patient outcomes.
