Factors Affecting the Adoption of Metaverse Technology Among Librarians in Federal Universities of Technology in Nigeria
Bolaji David Oladokun, Iyanu Emmanuel Olatunbosun, Edidiong Nyong Ben
Introduction
Librarians' readiness for metaverse technology in Nigerian universities of technology is not well documented. This study aimed to assess librarians' awareness, digital skills, perceived infrastructure, organizational support, and challenges regarding metaverse technology in Federal Universities of Technology in Nigeria, and to examine the relationships between awareness and digital skills and between infrastructure and organizational support.
Methods
This cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and July 2026 in six Federal Universities of Technology in Nigeria. Academic librarians in these universities who agreed to participate were included, and incomplete questionnaires were excluded. Data were collected with a validated online questionnaire using four-point scales. Descriptive statistics were used with a criterion mean of 2.50, and Pearson correlation was used to test the hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level.
Results
A total of 103 librarians were included. Overall, 97 (94.2%) reported very high or high awareness of the metaverse concept. While 91 (88.3%) reported being able to operate metaverse access devices, 29 (28.2%) reported being able to upload library content. Reliable internet connectivity was reported by 87 (84.5%), and augmented reality devices by 27 (26.2%). Inadequate training was the most highly rated challenge, reported by 98 (95.1%). Awareness was correlated with digital skills (r = 0.49, p < 0.001), and infrastructure with organizational support (r = 0.38, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Librarians appeared to be aware of metaverse technology, but their skills and resources seemed better suited to accessing virtual environments than to delivering library services within them.
Rebaz M. Ali, Sami S. Omar, Shano M. Ali, Shvan H. Mohammed, Karokh K. Mohammed, Mohammed Q. Mustafa, Yousif M. Mahmood, Suhaib H. Kakamad, Hawkar A. Nasralla, Ahmed Gh. Hamasaeed, Zheer T. Hamasalih, Danar D. Mahmood, Mohammed Jalal Mohammed, Shahan Syamand Rasull, Fryad Mustafa Qadir, Berun A. Abdalla
Safety and Efficacy of Atezolizumab in Ovarian Cancer
Rebaz M. Ali, Sami S. Omar, Shano M. Ali, Shvan H. Mohammed, Karokh K. Mohammed, Mohammed Q....
Introduction
Although the efficacy of PD-L1 blockade has been evaluated in analyses that combine pharmacologically distinct antibodies, the specific efficacy and safety of atezolizumab remain unclear. This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of atezolizumab specifically.
Methods
PubMed/MEDLINE and CENTRAL were searched (June 2026) for phase I to III trials of atezolizumab in ovarian cancer, reported in full-text English with at least 10 evaluable patients. Randomized and single-arm designs qualified. Randomized comparisons were pooled under random-effects models with Knapp-Hartung adjustment as hazard ratios for survival and risk ratios for response and safety; single-arm rates were pooled as proportions using generalized linear mixed models. Heterogeneity was assessed with I², Cochran Q, and prediction intervals, with leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. Analyses used R 4.6.0.
Results
Twelve studies (13 reports) enrolled 3,179 patients. Atezolizumab reduced the hazard of progression (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.93) and death (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.96), without heterogeneity (I² = 0%), whereas objective response was unchanged (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.49). Excess toxicity was immune-mediated, raising serious adverse events (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.67), any-grade immune-related events (RR 1.57, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.20), and grade ≥3 immune-related events (RR 2.23, 95% CI 1.05 to 4.74).
Conclusion
Atezolizumab adds a small survival benefit to a chemotherapy or bevacizumab backbone, driven by delayed progression rather than tumor regression. Offset by doubled immune toxicity and inseparable from its backbone, the effect may not justify routine use.
Meer Kamal, Mohammad Al-Tamimi, Ayman D. Alsheikh, Imdat Kilbas, Khaled M. Aboshanab, Muhammad Yasir, Mutasim E. Ibrahim, Shnya R. Hamalaw, Suhaib H. Kakamad, Hussein M. Hamasalih, Hawdang A. Sidiq, Shvan L. Ezzat, Yasemin Çağ, Berun A. Abdalla
Resistance Patterns of Gram-Negative Bacteria and Surgical Site Infections Across the Middle East: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Meer Kamal, Mohammad Al-Tamimi, Ayman D. Alsheikh, Imdat Kilbas, Khaled M. Aboshanab, Muhammad...
Introduction
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a leading healthcare-associated infection, driven by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Regional data from the Middle East remain limited. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate pooled antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of Gram-negative isolates (GNI) recovered from SSIs.
Methods
PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar were searched in January 2026 for studies reporting AMR in SSI GNI. Eligible studies were English-language reports from the Middle East presenting AMR patterns of Gram-negative bacteria recovered from SSIs. Case reports, laboratory and animal studies, conference papers, and abstract-only publications were ineligible. Proportions were pooled using DerSimonian-Laird random-effects models with Freeman-Tukey double-arcsine transformation, heterogeneity assessed by I².
Results
Twenty-three studies from 8 countries were included. GNI comprised 71.9% (95% CI 60.5-82.2) of all culture-positive isolates and, when restricted to SSI-confirmed specimens, 86.4% (95% CI 63.6-99.3). Escherichia coli was most frequent (27.9%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.3%). Resistance exceeded 65% for ampicillin in E. coli and for ceftriaxone in both E. coli and K. pneumoniae, with resistance to the remaining third-generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftazidime) ranging from 46.5% to 85.9%.
Conclusion
Gram-negative SSI isolates in the Middle East showed high resistance across many agent classes, with substantial multidrug resistance, carbapenem resistance, and ESBL production. This regional resistance profile reinforces the need for local, SSI-specific surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship.
