Fahmi H. Kakamad, Lawand Ahmed Sharif, Ahmed H. Ahmed, Sakar O. Arif, Omed M. Hussein, Azad S. Hattam, Lawen J. Mustafa, Hiwa S. Namiq and 7 more
A cervical rib (CR), also known as a supernumerary or extra rib, is an additional rib that forms above the first rib, resulting from the overgrowth of the transverse process of a cervical vertebra. Increasingly recognized as a potential marker of developmental disruptions and genetic instability, CRs are believed to…
Are Cervical Ribs Indicators of Childhood Cancer? A Narrative Review
Fahmi H. Kakamad, Lawand Ahmed Sharif, Ahmed H. Ahmed, Sakar O. Arif, Omed M. Hussein, Azad S. Hattam, Lawen J. Mustafa, Hiwa S. Namiq and 7 more
A cervical rib (CR), also known as a supernumerary or extra rib, is an additional rib that forms above the first rib, resulting from the overgrowth of the transverse process of a cervical vertebra. Increasingly recognized as a potential marker of developmental disruptions and genetic instability, CRs are believed to arise from mutations in homeobox (Hox) genes that influence axial skeletal development. While often asymptomatic, CRs have been linked to thoracic outlet syndrome and a higher prevalence in individuals with certain childhood cancers. Studies have reported associations between CRs and malignancies such as neuroblastoma, brain tumors, leukemia, sarcomas, Wilms tumor, and germ cell tumors, suggesting possible shared embryological pathways or genetic predispositions. However, conflicting research findings highlight inconsistencies in these associations, underscoring the need for further investigation. This review aims to assess the association between CRs and childhood cancers by examining prevalence rates, exploring genetic and developmental links, evaluating inconsistencies in existing research, and identifying gaps for future study to clarify the clinical significance of CRs in cancer risk assessment.
Berun A. Abdalla, Honar O. Kareem, Bilal A. Mohammed, Karzan M. Hasan, Soran M. Ahmed, Khdir Hussein Hamad Khoshnaw, Wirya N. Sabr, Ronak S. Ahmed and 6 more
Introduction Despite the increasing number of pediatric cases of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome (CS) due to topical corticosteroids, systematic reviews are lacking to provide comprehensive insights into the disease. This study aims to provide a systematic overview of the disease. Methods Relevant literature was…
Cushing's Syndrome and Topical Corticosteroids in Pediatrics: A Systematic Review
Berun A. Abdalla, Honar O. Kareem, Bilal A. Mohammed, Karzan M. Hasan, Soran M. Ahmed, Khdir Hussein Hamad Khoshnaw, Wirya N. Sabr, Ronak S. Ahmed and 6 more
IntroductionDespite the increasing number of pediatric cases of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome (CS) due to topical corticosteroids, systematic reviews are lacking to provide comprehensive insights into the disease. This study aims to provide a systematic overview of the disease.
MethodsRelevant literature was identified using Google Scholar and PubMed. The search strategy was restricted to studies on human published in English. The inclusion criteria encompassed confirmed pediatric cases of iatrogenic CS induced by topical corticosteroids.
ResultsThe mean age of the cases was 38.8 months, with a female gender predominance (57.1%). Abnormalities in growth patterns were observed in approximately 75% of the cases. The most common clinical presentation was a "moon face" appearance (74.6%), followed by weight gain (55.5%). Clobetasol propionate was the most frequently used topical steroid (54%), followed by betamethasone types (35%). The mean duration of steroid use was 25.4 weeks. The primary indications for steroid use were dermatitis (47.6%), psoriasis (17.5%), and scabies (15.9%). Laboratory tests for adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels revealed low levels in 73% and 78% of cases, respectively. All cases had their initial steroid discontinued. Oral hydrocortisone was the primary replacement therapy (39.7%), followed by sulfur cream (12.7%). Fifty-one cases (81%) recovered from the disease. Partial recovery was observed in 2 cases (3.2%), while four cases (6.3%) did not survive.
ConclusionA specialist should supervise topical corticosteroid administration, and parents need to be fully informed about the proper usage and potential side effects to avoid iatrogenic CS and other complications.
Wirya N. Sabr, Azad Star Hattam, Karzan M. Hasan, Honar Othman Kareem, Harem K. Ahmed, Suhaib H. Kakamad, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Berun A. Abdalla
Introduction Pulmonary hydatid cysts, resulting from the Echinococcus tapeworm larva, primarily affect the lungs. The global incidence is elevated in regions with prevalent livestock farming due to the ingestion of Echinococcus eggs. Bilateral involvement is an infrequent presentation, carrying inherent respiratory…
Bilateral Giant Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts in a Pediatric Patient: A Rare Case Report
Wirya N. Sabr, Azad Star Hattam, Karzan M. Hasan, Honar Othman Kareem, Harem K. Ahmed, Suhaib H. Kakamad, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Berun A. Abdalla
IntroductionPulmonary hydatid cysts, resulting from the Echinococcus tapeworm larva, primarily affect the lungs. The global incidence is elevated in regions with prevalent livestock farming due to the ingestion of Echinococcus eggs. Bilateral involvement is an infrequent presentation, carrying inherent respiratory risks. Accurate and prompt diagnosis necessitates a comprehensive approach involving imaging studies and serological tests to uncover this parasitic affliction.
Case presentationIn a 15-year-old male from an underprivileged rural background, bilateral giant hydatid cysts manifested. The patient's exposure to this parasitic infection was linked to his rural setting and contact with pets. The case unfolded with respiratory symptoms, prompting an investigation that revealed substantial bilateral cystic lesions. Successful surgical intervention and diligent postoperative care resulted in a smooth and uncomplicated recovery for the patient.
ConclusionWhile giant bilateral hydatid cyst cases are rare, their documentation provides invaluable insights into the understanding and management of this complex condition. The prognosis hinges on various factors, underlining the importance of a multidisciplinary post-surgical approach for optimal patient outcomes.
Wirya N. Sabr, Marwan N. Hassan, Yadgar A. Saeed, Hardi M. Dhahir, Aso S. Muhialdeen, Zanyar A. Mohammed, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Abdulwahid M. Salih and 2 more
Introduction Infantile myofibroma is a rare tumor of myofibroblastic origin that can affect soft tissue, bones, or internal organs. The aim of the current study is to report a rare case of a solitary infra-orbital infantile myofibroma. Case presentation An 11-month-girl presented with progressive swelling of the left…
Infraorbital Myofibroma of Infra-orbital Region: A Rare Case Report
Wirya N. Sabr, Marwan N. Hassan, Yadgar A. Saeed, Hardi M. Dhahir, Aso S. Muhialdeen, Zanyar A. Mohammed, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Abdulwahid M. Salih and 2 more
IntroductionInfantile myofibroma is a rare tumor of myofibroblastic origin that can affect soft tissue, bones, or internal organs. The aim of the current study is to report a rare case of a solitary infra-orbital infantile myofibroma.
Case presentationAn 11-month-girl presented with progressive swelling of the left infra-ocular region for two weeks. On examination, there was a well-defined swelling with a localized border that was firm, non-mobile, tender, fixed to the underlying bone, and non-adherent to the superficial skin. Under general anesthesia, the right infraorbital mass was excised. The wound was closed by layers, and the histopathological examination revealed a 3 cm myofibroblastic mass that invaded the margins at multiple spots.
ConclusionInfraorbital myofibroma is an extremely rare type of myofibroma. Excision with primary closure is the definitive management therapy.
Wirya N. Sabr, Rawa M. Ali, Ali H. Hasan, Hadeel A. Yasseen, Dlsoz M. Hussein, Zana B. Najmadden, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Berun A. Abdalla and 2 more
Introduction Pulmonary sequestration is a rare condition accounting for 0.1% to 6% of all congenital lung malformations. The correlation with Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) type 1 has not been adequately elucidated. Case presentation From routine fetal sonographic screening, a 20-day-old female baby's…
Pulmonary Sequestration and Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) 1 Presented as A Left Suprarenal Mass:ACase Report
Wirya N. Sabr, Rawa M. Ali, Ali H. Hasan, Hadeel A. Yasseen, Dlsoz M. Hussein, Zana B. Najmadden, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Berun A. Abdalla and 2 more
IntroductionPulmonary sequestration is a rare condition accounting for 0.1% to 6% of all congenital lung malformations. The correlation with Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) type 1 has not been adequately elucidated.
Case presentationFrom routine fetal sonographic screening, a 20-day-old female baby's ultrasound revealed hydronephrosis with enlargement above the left kidney. Magnetic resonance imaging during a follow-up appointment uncovered a left suprarenal lesion of approximately 30 mm, which was not suspected to be adrenal neuroblastoma. After resection, histological analysis was consistent with pulmonary sequestration and confirmed the connection with CPAM type 1.
ConclusionSurgery remains the only effective therapeutic choice for intra-abdominal pulmonary sequestration. The definitive diagnosis is confirmed through histological examination.
