Reads are the journal’s own count. Downloads are the journal’s own count on 8 November 2026. Citations are Crossref’s count on 8 November 2026.
Berun A. Abdalla11 — 11 articles together · Fahmi H. Kakamad9 — 9 articles together · Abdulwahid M. Salih8 — 8 articles together · Ayman M. Mustafa8 — 8 articles together · Shvan H. Mohammed8 — 8 articles together · Marwan N Hassan7 — 7 articles together · Hiwa O. Abdullah6 — 6 articles together · Hawbash M. Rahim5 — 5 articles together · Yousif M. Mahmood5 — 5 articles together · Fakher Abdullah4 — 4 articles together · Karokh K. Mohammed4 — 4 articles together · Suhaib H. Kakamad4 — 4 articles together
and 242 others across 19 articles
Frederick M. Tiesenga, Daniel Rodger, Benjamin Saracco, Baichang Zhong, Andrea Cortegiani, Sjaak Pouwels, Rawezh Qadir M. Salih, Ayman M. Mustafa and 35 more
The Original Article was published on March 19, 2025 “Renaming the problem: Why ‘non-recommended journals’ is preferable to ‘predatory’ in academic publishing” Barw Medical Journal. 2025;3(5):33-41. Following correspondence received by the editorial office regarding authorship confirmation and reference accuracy, the…
2026 529 reads 0 citations
Frederick M. Tiesenga, Daniel Rodger, Benjamin Saracco, Baichang Zhong, Andrea Cortegiani, Sjaak Pouwels, Rawezh Qadir M. Salih, Ayman M. Mustafa and 37 more
(on the original article) This article has a Corrigendum. Please see the Corrigendum at: https://doi.org/10.58742/bmj.v4i1.225 The term "predatory journals" is widely used to describe publishing practices that exploit authors, compromise research quality, and mislead readers. Its use, however, has frequently led to…
2025 6,384 reads 5 citations
Review Articles
Frederick M. Tiesenga, Daniel Rodger, Benjamin Saracco, Baichang Zhong, Andrea Cortegiani, Sjaak Pouwels, Rawezh Qadir M. Salih, Ayman M. Mustafa and 37 more
The term "predatory journals" is widely used to describe publishing practices that exploit authors, compromise research quality, and mislead readers. Its use, however, has frequently led to legal threats and professional conflicts for individuals and institutions who call out such deceptive practices. Most notably, Jeffrey Beall, the creator of Beall’s List, faced legal threats and personal harassment, which ultimately led him to discontinue his work. To address these challenges, scholars have proposed replacing “predatory journals” with more neutral alternatives, such as “questionable journals”. This study recommends using the term “non-recommended journals,” which similarly avoids accusatory language while signaling the need for caution by scholars and institutions. By avoiding direct allegations of unethical conduct, the term "non-recommended" reduces the likelihood of legal repercussions and professional disputes. Adopting this terminology enables researchers and institutions to continue addressing concerns about low-quality or deceptive publishing practices while fostering a more constructive dialogue. This reframing encourages constructive dialogue, broader institutional engagement, and stronger collective efforts to uphold high ethical publishing standards and protect academic integrity.
Keywords Scholarly Publishing · Predatory Publishing · Journal Evaluation · Non-recommended journal All subjects
Barw Medical Journal. 2025;3(5):33–41
Rawezh Q. Salih, Dahat A. Hussein, Sharaza Q. Omer, Shvan L. Ezzat, Ayman M. Mustafa, Hawnaz S. Abdullah, Hidayat A. Yaseen, Mohammed T. Taha
Introduction Among the most frequently used anticoagulants in hematological testing are tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), sodium citrate, and sodium heparin. However, there is a noticeable gap in literature concerning the effects of these anticoagulants on hematological parameters specifically in humans. This study aims to…
2025 4,103 reads 0 citations
Original Articles
Rawezh Q. Salih, Dahat A. Hussein, Sharaza Q. Omer, Shvan L. Ezzat, Ayman M. Mustafa, Hawnaz S. Abdullah, Hidayat A. Yaseen, Mohammed T. Taha
IntroductionAmong the most frequently used anticoagulants in hematological testing are tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), sodium citrate, and sodium heparin. However, there is a noticeable gap in literature concerning the effects of these anticoagulants on hematological parameters specifically in humans. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of EDTA, sodium citrate, and sodium heparin for conducting complete blood count (CBC).
MethodsThis cross-sectional study conducted at Smart Health Tower from January to April 2024 involved 250 participants who underwent CBC using K2EDTA, sodium citrate, and sodium heparin. The acquired data were analyzed using SPSS, with a significance level of p < 0.05, employing Intra-class correlation coefficient and one-way ANOVA to assess consistency and agreement among anticoagulants.
ResultsA total of 250 participants, with 138(55.2%) males and 112(44.8%) females, underwent CBC testing with di potassium EDTA(K2EDTA), sodium citrate, and sodium heparin. Comparing K2EDTA with sodium heparin showed comparable values in 14 out of 23(60.87%) CBC parameters. Using K2EDTA as the standard, citrate showed perfect or substantial agreement in assessing 8 out of 23 CBC parameters (34.78%). Regarding the comparison of anticoagulants to K2EDTA to determine their agreement levels while sodium heparin was accurate and precise in 13(56.52%) parameters.
ConclusionCitrate was found to be a less reliable anticoagulant for CBC estimation compared to K2EDTA, potentially leading to inaccurate readings. On the other hand, sodium heparin showed comparable performance to K2EDTA, making it a suitable alternative under specific conditions.
Keywords Complete blood count · EDTA · Sodium citrate · Sodium heparin · Variation All subjects
Barw Medical Journal. 2025;3(5):7–13
Shaho F. Ahmed, Sharaza Q. Omer, Rawezh Q. Salih, Huda M. Muhammad, Nahida H.A Ahmed, Jamal M. Salih, Aso N. Qadir, Karokh F. Hussein and 1 more
Introduction During pregnancy, women may develop blood glucose abnormalities like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or, rarely, type 1 diabetes (T1D), which can lead to complications. Anti-GAD65 is a key antibody used in diagnosing T1D. This study presents a rare case of T1D developing a week before birth, with…
2025 1,265 reads 0 citations
Case Reports
Shaho F. Ahmed, Sharaza Q. Omer, Rawezh Q. Salih, Huda M. Muhammad, Nahida H.A Ahmed, Jamal M. Salih, Aso N. Qadir, Karokh F. Hussein and 1 more
IntroductionDuring pregnancy, women may develop blood glucose abnormalities like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or, rarely, type 1 diabetes (T1D), which can lead to complications. Anti-GAD65 is a key antibody used in diagnosing T1D. This study presents a rare case of T1D developing a week before birth, with transient anti-GAD65 positivity.
Case presentationA 38-year-old patient who delivered a baby a week earlier and had high blood glucose was admitted to the hospital with shortness of breath, chest tightness, abdominal pain, generalized weakness, nausea, and repeated vomiting. She had elevated anti-GAD65 and was diagnosed with T1D and diabetic ketoacidosis. Insulin injection was prescribed, with lifestyle modifications, later oral hypoglycemic medications added. After a few months, both anti-IA2 and anti-GAD65 antibodies were negative.
Literature reviewSeven cases of T1D during or after pregnancy were reviewed. Six reported BMI. The mean HbA1c was >7.63%. Mean anti-GAD65 was 190.74 U/mL, two were borderline and one negative. Six had previously diagnosed GDM. Treatments varied, including insulin and dietary management. All infants were safely delivered, one miscarried in a subsequent pregnancy. Insulin resistance increases during pregnancy due to hormonal changes, raising the risk of GDM, T1D, and type 2 diabetes. Emerging postpartum, often indicated by anti-GAD65 antibodies, though levels can fluctuate. Cases show complications like preeclampsia, DKA, and miscarriage. Early detection, strict glucose control, and monitoring antibody patterns are critical for managing risks and improving maternal and fetal outcomes.
ConclusionBlood glucose should be monitored during pregnancy, and anti-GAD65 may signal T1D, requiring appropriate management.
Keywords Type 1 diabetes · Pregnancy · Anti-GAD65 · Autoantibodies · Hyperglycemia · Gestational diabetes mellitus All subjects
Barw Medical Journal. 2025;3(4):77–81
Thamr O. Mohammed, Shvan L. Ezzat, Hawnaz S. Abdullah, Sangar J. Qadir, Aga K. Hamad, Sahar A. Faraj, Sasan M. Ahmed, Sarhang S. Abdalla and 7 more
Introduction Echinococcosis, caused by tapeworms of the Echinococcus genus, remains a significant zoonotic disease globally. The disease is particularly prevalent in areas with extensive livestock farming. Humans primarily acquire infection through consumption of contaminated food or water, often from environmental…
2025 1,416 reads 2 citations
Original Articles
Thamr O. Mohammed, Shvan L. Ezzat, Hawnaz S. Abdullah, Sangar J. Qadir, Aga K. Hamad, Sahar A. Faraj, Sasan M. Ahmed, Sarhang S. Abdalla and 7 more
IntroductionEchinococcosis, caused by tapeworms of the Echinococcus genus, remains a significant zoonotic disease globally. The disease is particularly prevalent in areas with extensive livestock farming. Humans primarily acquire infection through consumption of contaminated food or water, often from environmental contamination by definitive host feces. This study aimed to detect the presence of E. granulosus DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) in water and vegetable samples collected from Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq.
MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq, in April 2025. Water and vegetable samples were collected from both urban and rural areas. DNA extraction was performed from all samples, and E. granulosus DNA was explored using a qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) assay. Sample processing included filtering water, washing vegetables, and DNA extraction under optimized conditions.
ResultsA total of 245 samples, comprising 98 (40.0%) water samples and 147 (60.0%) vegetable samples, were analyzed, with 111 (45.3%) from urban and 134 (54.7%) from rural areas. Despite the comprehensive sampling, no E. granulosus DNA was detected in any sample. All control reactions yielded positive results, but no amplification was observed in the field samples, indicating the absence of E. granulosus contamination.
ConclusionThis study found no evidence of E. granulosus DNA in water or vegetable samples from Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, suggesting a low likelihood of environmental contamination in this region. but seasonal changes, the restricted sample size, and methodological limitations mean that the presence of contamination cannot be completely excluded.
Keywords Cystic echinococcosis · Hydatid disease · Environmental contamination · Zoonotic parasites · Endemic regions All subjects
Barw Medical Journal. 2025;3(4):9–14
Berun A. Abdalla, Meer M. Abdulkarim, Shvan H. Mohammed, Rewas Ali Azeez, Talar Sabir Hameed, Nigar Hassan Mohammed, Rawezh Q. Salih, Dahat A. Hussein and 6 more
Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) surface glycoproteins, including shared epitope motifs, show similarities. This may lead to false-positive HIV results due to cross-reactivity between the two viruses. This study presents a systematic review…
2025 5,183 reads 0 citations
Review Articles
Berun A. Abdalla, Meer M. Abdulkarim, Shvan H. Mohammed, Rewas Ali Azeez, Talar Sabir Hameed, Nigar Hassan Mohammed, Rawezh Q. Salih, Dahat A. Hussein and 6 more
IntroductionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) surface glycoproteins, including shared epitope motifs, show similarities. This may lead to false-positive HIV results due to cross-reactivity between the two viruses. This study presents a systematic review of the published studies on their cross-reactivity.
MethodsA systematic review of the published studies of HIV and SARS-CoV2 cross-reactivity was conducted, the studies that met the following criteria were included: 1) Studies in the English language. 2) Studies in which the title included the required keywords. 3) Studies in which false positive results were achieved and confirmed. 4) Studies investigating the possibility of cross-reactivity between HIV and SARS-CoV2.
ResultsA total of 11 studies and 466,140 patients were analyzed. Of the specified sexes, 363,786 (82.1%) of the participants were males. A total of 707 false-positive HIV results were recorded, of which 122 (17.3%) had detectable Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) antibodies. The remaining 585 (82.7%) false positives were either healthy patients or patients recovered from COVID-19 with no detectable COVID-19 antibodies. Twenty-five distinct tests were used as initial and confirmatory tests for both COVID-19 and HIV. Six (24%) unique fourth-generation HIV antigen/antibody combination tests, six (24%) HIV-specific molecular tests, and four (16%) HIV immunoassays were used.
ConclusionCOVID-19 should be considered a potential cause of false-positive results in HIV tests, due to the cross-reactivity between the antibodies or antigens from both viruses.
Keywords HIV · COVID-19 · Cross-reactivity · False-positive · SARS-CoV-2 All subjects
Barw Medical Journal. 2025;3(2)
Dana O. Kareem, Ahmed MS. Amin, Ayman M. Mustafa, Akam K. Qadir, Meer N. Ahmed, Soma N. Omer, Hevin B. Jabbar, Rawezh Q. Salih and 4 more
Introduction Given pregnancy's significant impact on hematological parameters, monitoring these changes across trimesters is crucial. This study aims to evaluate hematological profiles in pregnant women, primarily focusing on the prevalence of anemia and thrombocytopenia throughout the different trimesters. Methods…
2025 1,645 reads 0 citations
Original Articles
Dana O. Kareem, Ahmed MS. Amin, Ayman M. Mustafa, Akam K. Qadir, Meer N. Ahmed, Soma N. Omer, Hevin B. Jabbar, Rawezh Q. Salih and 4 more
IntroductionGiven pregnancy's significant impact on hematological parameters, monitoring these changes across trimesters is crucial. This study aims to evaluate hematological profiles in pregnant women, primarily focusing on the prevalence of anemia and thrombocytopenia throughout the different trimesters.
MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Smart Health Tower from March to December 2024, with ethical approval from Kscien Organization. Pregnant women aged 18-45 years in any trimester were included, excluding those with pre-existing hematological disorders or significant complications. Blood samples were collected during routine antenatal visits for hematological analysis. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26.0, with statistical significance set at p<0.05.
ResultsThis study included 243 pregnant women, with a mean age of 29.91 ± 6.32 years. The average hematological parameters were as follows: white blood cell count 9.45 ± 2.10 × 10⁹/L, red blood cell count 4.21 ± 0.45 × 10¹²/L, hemoglobin 11.93 ± 1.03 g/dL, and platelet count 239.11 ± 59.47 × 10⁹/L. Anemia and thrombocytopenia were identified in 16.0% and 5.0% of participants, respectively, with significant trimester-related variations (p= 0.033, p= 0.006). The highest prevalence of anemia (30.8%) was observed in women aged 26–30 years.
ConclusionSignificant changes in hematological parameters across pregnancy trimesters highlight the need for regular monitoring to diagnose and manage anemia, thrombocytopenia, and other abnormalities, ensuring optimal maternal and fetal health.
Keywords Maternal health · Thrombocytopenia · Anemia · Antenatal care All subjects
Barw Medical Journal. 2025;3(2)
Ayman M. Mustafa, Rawezh Q. Salih, Hidayat A. Yaseen, Wafa A. Hamadameen, Suhaib H. Kakamad, Fakher Abdullah, Karokh K. Mohammed, Dyari Q. Hamad and 7 more
Introduction Hospitals are high-risk environments for infections. Despite the global recognition of these pathogens, few studies compare microorganisms from community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). This study compares these microorganisms and explores their relationship with patients' comorbidities…
2024 3,741 reads 4 citations
Original Articles
Ayman M. Mustafa, Rawezh Q. Salih, Hidayat A. Yaseen, Wafa A. Hamadameen, Suhaib H. Kakamad, Fakher Abdullah, Karokh K. Mohammed, Dyari Q. Hamad and 7 more
IntroductionHospitals are high-risk environments for infections. Despite the global recognition of these pathogens, few studies compare microorganisms from community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). This study compares these microorganisms and explores their relationship with patients' comorbidities and socio-demographic factors.
MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Smart Health Tower, Iraq, from January to December 2023, focusing on patients with community-acquired infections and HAIs. Data were extracted from microbiology laboratory records, including blood cultures, urine samples, and other body fluids, with patients classified based on CDC and IDSA guidelines. Bacterial identification combined conventional methods and the BD Phoenix™ M50 system, while antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the Kirby-Bauer method and the same automated system. Statistical analysis of resistance patterns utilized SPSS version 25, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05.
ResultsIn this study of 2,157 participants, 1,303 (60.4%) were male, with microbial growth observed in 1,177 cases (54.6%). Notably, 41.1% of females and 52.1% of males showed no growth (p < 0.001). The mean age was 43.62 ± 23.3 years. Wound samples had the highest growth rate (91.2%), while body fluids had the lowest (33.0%) (p < 0.001). The overall multidrug resistance rates were 62.5% for community-acquired infections and 79.3% for HAIs. Patients with pre-existing comorbidities demonstrated significantly higher rates of hospital-acquired infections (p < 0.05).
ConclusionMultidrug-resistant isolates are more prevalent in HAIs than in community-acquired infections, highlighting the need for enhanced surveillance to optimize antibiotic use and control HAIs through early detection of resistance.
Keywords Hospital-acquired · Community-acquired · Antimicrobial resistance · Prevalence · Multidrug resistance All subjects
Barw Medical Journal. 2024;3(1)
Ameer M. Salih, Jaafar Omer Ahmed, Dilan S. Hiwa, Abdulwahid M. Salih, Rawezh Q. Salih, Hemn A. Hassan, Yousif M. Mahmood, Shvan H. Mohammed and 1 more
Introduction Many researchers utilize artificial intelligence (AI) to aid their research endeavors. This study seeks to assess and contrast the performance of three sophisticated AI systems, namely, ChatGPT, Gemini, and Perplexity when applied to an examination focused on knowledge regarding research publication…
2024 4,902 reads 1 citation
Original Articles
Ameer M. Salih, Jaafar Omer Ahmed, Dilan S. Hiwa, Abdulwahid M. Salih, Rawezh Q. Salih, Hemn A. Hassan, Yousif M. Mahmood, Shvan H. Mohammed and 1 more
IntroductionMany researchers utilize artificial intelligence (AI) to aid their research endeavors. This study seeks to assess and contrast the performance of three sophisticated AI systems, namely, ChatGPT, Gemini, and Perplexity when applied to an examination focused on knowledge regarding research publication.
MethodsThree AI systems (ChatGPT-3.5, Gemini, and perplexity) were evaluated using an examination of fifty multiple-choice questions covering various aspects of research, including research terminology, literature review, study design, research writing, and publication-related topics. The questions were written by a researcher with an h-index of 22, and it was later tested on two other researchers with h-indices of 9 and 10 in a double-blinded manner and revised extensively to ensure the quality of the questions before testing them on the three mentioned AI systems.
ResultsIn the examination, ChatGPT scored 38 (76%) correct answers, while Gemini and Perplexity each scored 36 (72%). Notably, all AI systems frequently chose correct options significantly: ChatGPT chose option (C) correctly 88.9% of the time, Gemini accurately selected option (D) 78.9% of the time, and Perplexity correctly picked option (C) 88.9% of the time. In contrast, other AI tools showed minor agreement, lacking statistical significance, while ChatGPT exhibited significant concordance (81-83%) with researchers' performance.
ConclusionChatGPT, Gemini, and Perplexity perform adequately overall in research-related questions, but depending on the AI in use, improvement is needed in certain research categories. The involvement of an expert in the research publication process remains a fundamental cornerstone to ensure the quality of the work.
Keywords AI · Artificial intelligence · Scientific research · Google Bard · Scientific publication All subjects
Barw Medical Journal. 2024;3(1)
Fahmi H. Kakamad, Fattah H. Fattah, Abdulwahid M. Salih, Berun A. Abdalla, Shvan H. Mohammed, Walid R. Rashed, Adam C. Naj, Radoslaw Spiewak and 110 more
Introduction Despite numerous efforts to define and categorize scientific events, a consensus remains elusive, complicating the understanding and classification of such events. The current study aims to establish clear, consensus-based definitions for various types of scientific events by examining their definitions…
2024 1,949 reads 0 citations
Original Articles
Fahmi H. Kakamad, Fattah H. Fattah, Abdulwahid M. Salih, Berun A. Abdalla, Shvan H. Mohammed, Walid R. Rashed, Adam C. Naj, Radoslaw Spiewak and 110 more
IntroductionDespite numerous efforts to define and categorize scientific events, a consensus remains elusive, complicating the understanding and classification of such events. The current study aims to establish clear, consensus-based definitions for various types of scientific events by examining their definitions and purposes from the perspectives of scholars across different countries.
MethodsThe current study used a descriptive survey design to gather responses from scholars across 32 countries about their perceptions of scientific events. The sample size was determined using G*power, requiring 80 participants; 118 were recruited. Data was collected via a Google Forms survey with a 9-point Likert scale. Invitations were emailed. The Content Validity Index (CVI) was used to assess item relevance, with all items achieving a CVI above 0.78. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, and ethical considerations regarding voluntary participation and confidentiality were observed.
ResultsThis study validated the definitions of ten event types, each achieving a CVI above 0.78. The scientific events were categorized into conferences, symposiums, workshops, courses, summits, panels, meetings, fast-track reviews, annual reviews, and seminars. Course and panel garnered the highest level of consensus with a CVI of 0.983. Fast-track review also demonstrated a strong agreement among participants, with 82.2% expressing their concurrence with the provided definition.
ConclusionThe study establishes consensus-based definitions for scientific events, enhancing standardization in the academic community and underscoring the importance of precise categorization.
Keywords Scientific event · Event classification · Consensus-based definitions · Academic activities · Scientific guidelines All subjects
Barw Medical Journal. 2024;2(4)
Rebaz M. Ali, Sami S. Omar, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Diyar A. Omar, Yousif M. Mahmood, Mohammed Q. Mustafa, Aland S. Abdullah, Marwan N. Hassan and 4 more
Introduction The current standard treatment approach for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is surgery. Recently, targeted therapy has emerged as a promising new treatment option. In this systematic review, the efficacy of sorafenib, when given alone or combined with erlotinib, in managing NSCLC is reviewed. Methods…
2024 798 reads 1 citation
Review Articles
Rebaz M. Ali, Sami S. Omar, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Diyar A. Omar, Yousif M. Mahmood, Mohammed Q. Mustafa, Aland S. Abdullah, Marwan N. Hassan and 4 more
IntroductionThe current standard treatment approach for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is surgery. Recently, targeted therapy has emerged as a promising new treatment option. In this systematic review, the efficacy of sorafenib, when given alone or combined with erlotinib, in managing NSCLC is reviewed.
MethodsTo identify English language studies published up to March 8th, 2024, the Google Scholar, CINAHL, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were screened, and the data were assessed.
ResultsThe systematic search revealed 208 papers; however, only 10 were eligible to be included. The sample size was 1080 patients, of which 848 were in the sorafenib group, and 232 were in the sorafenib with erlotinib combination group. In the sorafenib group, the partial response was 2.4%, stable disease was reported in 25%, and 56 cases (6.6%) had progressive disease. In the combination group, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease were 16.8%, 48.3%, and 19.8%, respectively. In the combination group, the median overall survival was 231 days, and the progression-free survival (PFS) was 141 days. However, in the sorafenib group, the median overall survival was 180 days, and the PFS was 82 days. Fatigue was the most common adverse event, reported in 325 (30.1%) patients. Among them, 235 cases (27.7%) were in the sorafenib group, and 90 cases (38.8%) were in the combination group.
ConclusionCombination therapy may result in better overall survival and PFS than sorafenib alone, with slightly similar adverse events.
Keywords Lung cancer · Sorafenib · Erlotinib · Targeted molecular therapy · Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor All subjects
Barw Medical Journal. 2024;2(3)
Sharaza Qadir Omer, Rawezh Q. Salih, Shvan Luqman Ezzat, Dahat A. Hussein, Ayman M. Mustafa, Aga Khdir Hamad, Hawnaz Salih Abdullah, Bayan Aziz Saeed and 3 more
Introduction The primary anticoagulants utilized in hematology are ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), lithium heparin, and citrate. Although various studies have investigated their impact on complete blood count (CBC) in various animals, limited data are available concerning humans. This study explores the…
2024 1,816 reads 2 citations
Original Articles
Sharaza Qadir Omer, Rawezh Q. Salih, Shvan Luqman Ezzat, Dahat A. Hussein, Ayman M. Mustafa, Aga Khdir Hamad, Hawnaz Salih Abdullah, Bayan Aziz Saeed and 3 more
IntroductionThe primary anticoagulants utilized in hematology are ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), lithium heparin, and citrate. Although various studies have investigated their impact on complete blood count (CBC) in various animals, limited data are available concerning humans. This study explores the differences in CBC parameters when using these anticoagulants.
MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional study comprising 250 participants who underwent CBC tests with different anticoagulants. Blood samples were examined using the Medonic M51. Statistical analyses, including one-way ANOVA, intra-class correlation coefficient, and concordance correlation coefficient, were employed as applicable, with significance level set at p-values <0.05.
ResultsOne hundred eight participants (43.2%) were male, and 142 (56.8%) were female, with a mean age of 40.88±17.06 years ranging from 7 to 91 years. Comparing K2EDTA with lithium heparin, comparable values were found in 14 out of 23(60.87%) CBC parameters, while citrate showed similar results in 13(56.52%) parameters. Using K2EDTA as the standard, citrate showed perfect or substantial agreement in assessing 9 out of 23 CBC parameters (39.13%). Similarly, Lithium heparin showed perfect or substantial agreement in determining 9 out of 23(39.13%) parameters. Compared to K2EDTA, lithium heparin exhibited high precision and accuracy in estimating 13 out of 23(56.52%) CBC parameters. In contrast, citrate was accurate in 9 out of 23(39.13%) parameters.
ConclusionUsing citrate instead of K2EDTA for CBC estimation may yield inaccurate outcomes, whereas lithium heparin could serve as an alternative anticoagulant, requiring careful monitoring.
Keywords Complete blood count · EDTA · Sodium citrate · Lithium heparin · Parameters All subjects
Barw Medical Journal. 2024;2(3)
Aland S. Abdullah, Suhaib H. Kakamad, Fakher Abdullah, Yousif M. Mahmood, Gona M. Fatah, Imad J. Habibullah, Ronak S. Ahmed, Rebaz H. Ali and 5 more
Introduction Porocarcinoma is an aggressive cutaneous carcinoma arising from the intraepidermal component of the sweat glands. Given its uncommon nature, only a limited number of studies have addressed this issue. This study summarizes the different presentations and management of the disease. Methods The eligible…
2024 2,733 reads 2 citations
Review Articles
Aland S. Abdullah, Suhaib H. Kakamad, Fakher Abdullah, Yousif M. Mahmood, Gona M. Fatah, Imad J. Habibullah, Ronak S. Ahmed, Rebaz H. Ali and 5 more
IntroductionPorocarcinoma is an aggressive cutaneous carcinoma arising from the intraepidermal component of the sweat glands. Given its uncommon nature, only a limited number of studies have addressed this issue. This study summarizes the different presentations and management of the disease.
MethodsThe eligible databases were searched to identify English-language studies published up to January 16th, 2024. The inclusion criteria comprised studies that focused on the presentation and management of eccrine porocarcinoma, with a clear statement of the outcomes of the chosen management. The data collected from the studies included the first author's name, country of study, type of study design, patient demography, the clinical presentation of the tumor and its location, histopathological findings, metastasis status, treatment strategy, and the subsequent prognosis.
ResultsThe initial search yielded 817 papers, with only 22 meeting the inclusion criteria. The studies comprised 1004 patients with a mean age of 78.7 years. In total, 527 (52.5%) of them were male and 461(45.9%) were female. The most commonly affected regions were the head and neck followed by the lower extremities. The most frequent treatment option was surgical excision in 876 (87.3%) patients. Distant metastasis accounted for about 2%, while lymph node involvement, occurred in 36 cases (3.6%). A good prognosis was reported in 57.3% of the cases. Both the age and tumor size had a significant effect on prognosis (p <0.05).
Conclusion
The lesion can develop anywhere on the body, with a survival rate exceeding 50%. Wide-based surgical excision remains the predominant treatment option.
Keywords Porocarcinoma · Cutaneous carcinoma · Skin cancer · Aggressive cancer · Infiltrating tumor All subjects
Barw Medical Journal. 2024
Yadgar N. Abbas, Yousif M. Mahmood, Hemn A. Hassan, Dyari Qadir Hamad, Sabah Jalal Hasan, Diyar A. Omer, Suhaib H. Kakamad, Hussein M. HamaSalih and 6 more
Introduction The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical decision-making matrix has captured interest across diverse medical domains. This study aimed to juxtapose the decision-making patterns of humans and artificial intelligence regarding psychiatric disorders. Methods A set of case stories…
2023 1,247 reads 5 citations
Original Articles
Yadgar N. Abbas, Yousif M. Mahmood, Hemn A. Hassan, Dyari Qadir Hamad, Sabah Jalal Hasan, Diyar A. Omer, Suhaib H. Kakamad, Hussein M. HamaSalih and 6 more
IntroductionThe incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical decision-making matrix has captured interest across diverse medical domains. This study aimed to juxtapose the decision-making patterns of humans and artificial intelligence regarding psychiatric disorders.
MethodsA set of case stories composed of 20 questions and the ideal answers were developed by a psychiatrist (the first author) based on International Classification of Diseases or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The cases and replies were revised by other authors, and one by one, they were presented to ChatGPT and Google Bard. The results were presented in a table.
ResultsBoth ChatGPT and Google Bard reported a high rate of precision in the spot diagnosis of the cases. ChatGPT provided a correct diagnosis for 15 cases (75%), while Google Bard diagnosed 14 cases (70%) successfully.
ConclusionChatGPT and Google Bard's success in this study opens the door for deeper AI integration in psychiatric evaluations. As technology evolves, the boundary between human and AI decision-making may become less distinct, promising a new era in psychiatric care. Moving forward, we must approach AI in healthcare with enthusiasm, collaboration, and caution.
Keywords ChatGPT · Bard · Google · AI · Psychiatry All subjects
Barw Medical Journal. 2023
Rebaz M. Ali, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Hiwa O. Abdullah, Shalaw H. Abdulla, Shaho F. Ahmed, Bnar J. Hama Amin, Marwan N. Hassan, Sabah J. Hasan and 4 more
Introduction Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an infrequent and aggressive type of cancer that is difficult to treat, and standard therapies have shown limited effectiveness. There have been recent advances in the development of targeted therapies for malignant pleural mesothelioma, including immunotherapy with…
2023 1,383 reads 4 citations
Review Articles
Rebaz M. Ali, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Hiwa O. Abdullah, Shalaw H. Abdulla, Shaho F. Ahmed, Bnar J. Hama Amin, Marwan N. Hassan, Sabah J. Hasan and 4 more
IntroductionMalignant pleural mesothelioma is an infrequent and aggressive type of cancer that is difficult to treat, and standard therapies have shown limited effectiveness. There have been recent advances in the development of targeted therapies for malignant pleural mesothelioma, including immunotherapy with pembrolizumab.
MethodsThis is a systematic review of the current role of pembrolizumab in the treatment of this disease. A systematic search was conducted through the databases and search engines. The eligible studies to be included were those that primarily focused on the outcomes of treating this disease with pembrolizumab, regardless of study design, line of therapy, mode of therapy, and ECOG performance status.
ResultsAfter the initial and full-text screenings, 15 studies were reviewed. The number of cases was 454 with a mean age of 68.13 years, of which males (79.7%) were the predominant gender. Most of the cases were affected by epithelioid mesothelioma (76.7%). Pembrolizumab had been used as the first line of treatment in 62 (13.7%) cases. In 92.73% of cases, the therapy mode was pembrolizumab monotherapy. A total of 68 different adverse events were recorded. The most commonly associated adverse events were fatigue (14.8%), pruritis/rash (13.7%), and diarrhea (9.7%). Two patients died due to adverse events. The overall objective response was 17.8%, stable disease was 35.7%, progression-free survival was about 47.6% with a mean of 4.73 months, and 117 cases (25.8%) could reach treatment-related survival.
ConclusionPembrolizumab can serve as a viable alternative in the management of malignant pleural mesothelioma, offering satisfactory outcomes and acceptable safety profiles.
Keywords Pembrolizumab · malignant mesothelioma · pleural cancer · pulmonary cancer immunotherapy · PD-1 inhibitor · PD-L1 inhibitor All subjects
Barw Medical Journal. 2023
Hawbash M. Rahim, Omer Ates, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Marwan N. Hassan, Berun A. Abdalla, Hiwa O. Abdullah, Shvan H. Mohammed, Rawezh Q. Salih and 1 more
Colorectal cancer is a highly prevalent cancer with a high mortality rate. Although the colorectal carcinogenesis mechanism is not fully understood yet, it has been proven that most cancers result from the accumulation of genetic mutations, mostly in the genes responsible for cell cycle regulation, leading to…
2023 752 reads 0 citations
Review Articles
Hawbash M. Rahim, Omer Ates, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Marwan N. Hassan, Berun A. Abdalla, Hiwa O. Abdullah, Shvan H. Mohammed, Rawezh Q. Salih and 1 more
Colorectal cancer is a highly prevalent cancer with a high mortality rate. Although the colorectal carcinogenesis mechanism is not fully understood yet, it has been proven that most cancers result from the accumulation of genetic mutations, mostly in the genes responsible for cell cycle regulation, leading to uncontrolled and excessive cell growth. Hence, cyclins may have a significant role in cancer development and progression. Although many studies have been carried out on the expression of these cyclin proteins to indicate their role in colorectal cancer development and their correlation with patient outcome, the currently available data is quite controversial; thus, no certain conclusions can be made. This review article summarizes current knowledge regarding the role of G1/S cyclins, such as cyclin D, E, and A, in colorectal cancer and discusses their potential as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Hence, it may provide the groundwork for future research.
Keywords Colorectal cancer · Cyclin E · Cyclin D · Cyclin A · Cell cycle regulation All subjects
Barw Medical Journal. 2023;1(2)
Fahmi H. Kakamad, Shorsh A. Mohammed, Soran H. Tahir, Rezheen Jamal, Dana H. Baqi, Dlsoz M. Hussein, Bnar J. Hama Amin, Razhan K. Ali and 1 more
Introduction Behcet's disease is a multisystemic disorder of unknown etiology. Vascular involvement is identified by the development of aneurysms and occlusion of the vessels. The current report aimed to discuss a case of Behcet disease presented with a bilateral pulmonary aneurysm. Case presentation A 41-year-old…
2023 754 reads 1 citation
Case Reports
Fahmi H. Kakamad, Shorsh A. Mohammed, Soran H. Tahir, Rezheen Jamal, Dana H. Baqi, Dlsoz M. Hussein, Bnar J. Hama Amin, Razhan K. Ali and 1 more
IntroductionBehcet's disease is a multisystemic disorder of unknown etiology. Vascular involvement is identified by the development of aneurysms and occlusion of the vessels. The current report aimed to discuss a case of Behcet disease presented with a bilateral pulmonary aneurysm.
Case presentationA 41-year-old woman presented with recurrent attacks of hemoptysis for two years. A chest computed tomography scan revealed bilateral pulmonary artery aneurysm. Repeated bronchoscopy showed bleeding from the right lower lobe bronchus. She underwent a right-side thoracotomy with a right lower lobectomy. She was scheduled for left-side intervention as well. Before discharge, she was seen by a rheumatologist and was diagnosed with a case of Behcet disease. She developed attacks of massive hemoptysis (huge and bright blood) after two weeks which led to her passing away.
ConclusionAlthough it is rare, Behcet disease could involve major arteries and lead to fatal complications. Surgical intervention remained a viable option for the management.
Keywords Behcet's disease · hemoptysis · pulmonary artery aneurysm All subjects
Barw Medical Journal. 2023;1(1)
Yadgar N. Abbas, Jaafar O. Ahmed, Dahat A. Hussein, Fakhir H. Abdullah, Rawezh Q. Salih, Shvan H. Mohammed, Berun A. Abdalla, Fahmi H. Kakamad
Introduction Borderline personality disorder is one of the most common personality disorders and it is associated with functional impairments. This article clarifies the use of psychodynamic formulations in understanding an 18-year-old lady diagnosed with Borderline personality disorder. Case presentation An…
2023 1,860 reads 0 citations
Case Reports
Yadgar N. Abbas, Jaafar O. Ahmed, Dahat A. Hussein, Fakhir H. Abdullah, Rawezh Q. Salih, Shvan H. Mohammed, Berun A. Abdalla, Fahmi H. Kakamad
IntroductionBorderline personality disorder is one of the most common personality disorders and it is associated with functional impairments. This article clarifies the use of psychodynamic formulations in understanding an 18-year-old lady diagnosed with Borderline personality disorder.
Case presentationAn 18-year-old female experiencing a mass of symptoms including depression, feeling lonely, self-blaming, confusion, inability to work, impulsivity, mood swings, relationship problems, and difficulty in thinking clearly. Rapid Mental State Examination revealed an obese body build, with long dark hair and a wide black framed medical glass. She looked anxious and tired. Her cognitive functions. She showed evidence of the crucial features of borderline personality disorder. The therapist offered biweekly sessions with the client to listen to her story which took three sessions (each one of 45 minutes) to figure out her worries and life difficulties, during these sessions therapist tried to prove to her that she was listened to and she was welcomed to speak as loud and as clear as she wanted. This made her feel confident to speak and made her make a promise to commit to the therapeutic processes in the 4th session. So far, the plan was to have overall 14 therapeutic sessions.
ConclusionDealing with the delicate cases of borderline personality disorder is one of the most challenging and therapist-exhausting situations using the psychodynamic interview is an effective way in helping cases of borderline personality disorder.
Keywords borderline personality disorder · psychodynamic · Psycho-analysis · defense mechanisms · Self All subjects
Barw Medical Journal. 2023;1(1)
Aso S. Muhialdeen, Jaafar Omer Ahmed, Hiwa O. Baba, Ismael Y. Abdullah, Hemn Ali Hassan, Kayhan A. Najar, Tomas M. Mikael, Mohammed Q. Mustafa and 19 more
Kscien’s list is currently the most up-to-date blacklist. The current study aims to add some additional properties to the first version of Kscien’s list in order to recognize predatory publications more appropriately. Kscien has developed two other independent lists besides the four previous ones under the titles…
2023 2,065 reads 51 citations
Review Articles
Aso S. Muhialdeen, Jaafar Omer Ahmed, Hiwa O. Baba, Ismael Y. Abdullah, Hemn Ali Hassan, Kayhan A. Najar, Tomas M. Mikael, Mohammed Q. Mustafa and 19 more
Kscien’s list is currently the most up-to-date blacklist. The current study aims to add some additional properties to the first version of Kscien’s list in order to recognize predatory publications more appropriately. Kscien has developed two other independent lists besides the four previous ones under the titles “Conference list” and “Cumulative list”. The conference list includes the titles of predatory conferences that are independent or sponsored by a particular organization. After vanishing Beall’s list, Kscien’s list remained the only up-to-date list of predatory publications. Nonetheless, the predators' rapid evolution with several mutated strategies compelled Kscien Predatory List Committee to take some necessary actions to keep predatory publications under observation and better recognize them; the conference and cumulative lists would be a necessary option to shed light on modern predators.
Keywords Kscien’s list · Beall’s list · Predatory journals · Predatory publishers All subjects
Barw Medical Journal. 2023;1(1)