Rawezh Salih, Berun A. Abdalla, Ayman M. Mustafa, Khanda A. Anwar, Abdullah Dler Ahmad, Wafa A. Hamadameen, Hidayat Anwar yaseen, Hawnaz S. Abdullah and 7 more
Introduction Infections of sterile body fluids are significant contributors to mortality and morbidity. Accurate species-level identification and understanding of the antimicrobial resistance profiles are crucial for selecting appropriate antimicrobials for empirical and targeted therapy. This study aims to examine…
Changing Face of Antimicrobial Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Study
Rawezh Salih, Berun A. Abdalla, Ayman M. Mustafa, Khanda A. Anwar, Abdullah Dler Ahmad, Wafa A. Hamadameen, Hidayat Anwar yaseen, Hawnaz S. Abdullah and 7 more
IntroductionInfections of sterile body fluids are significant contributors to mortality and morbidity. Accurate species-level identification and understanding of the antimicrobial resistance profiles are crucial for selecting appropriate antimicrobials for empirical and targeted therapy. This study aims to examine the distribution of various bacterial species and their evolved antimicrobial resistance profiles isolated from different body fluids.
MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated 301 body fluid samples collected at a tertiary hospital between January 2023 and December 2023. Samples were gram-stained and cultured on an appropriate media. Bacterial identification and susceptibility testing were performed using the BD Phoenix™ system, with disk diffusion method used for antibiotics not available in the system.
ResultsMicrobial growth was detected in 151 cases (50.2%), with a comparable prevalence among males and females (53.0% vs. 46.7%). The mean age was 49.81± 24.1 years. Growth rates were slightly higher in hospital-acquired infections (55.7%) than in community-acquired infections (49.2%). Cerebrospinal fluid showed the highest growth rate at 34.3%. Among the isolates, Streptococcus species were the most common (14.6%), while Escherichia coli was the predominant Gram-negative bacterium (13.2%). Sensitivity was highest with tigecycline (100%) and meropenem (92%), whereas resistance was most notable against ampicillin-sulbactam (100%) and azithromycin (95.2%). Multidrug resistance was identified in 106 isolates (70.2%).
ConclusionHigh antibiotic resistance and multidrug-resistant strains underscore the need for rigorous antibiotic stewardship and improved infection control to address untreatable infections.
Sami S. Omar, Rebaz Haji Ali, Shalaw H. Abdullah, Dlsoz M. Hussein, Belan Mikaeil M. Radha, Alaa B. Latif, Shano M. Ali, Dilan S. Hiwa and 11 more
Abstract Introduction Mesothelioma is a rare and rapidly advancing tumor that usually emerges on the mesothelial surfaces of the pleura or peritoneum. Despite being a well-recognized rare disease for decades, the only approved primary treatment protocol has been platinum-based treatments plus pemetrexed, whether or…
Role of Durvalumab (Anti-PD-L1) in the Management of Mesothelioma: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature
Sami S. Omar, Rebaz Haji Ali, Shalaw H. Abdullah, Dlsoz M. Hussein, Belan Mikaeil M. Radha, Alaa B. Latif, Shano M. Ali, Dilan S. Hiwa and 11 more
Introduction Mesothelioma is a rare and rapidly advancing tumor that usually emerges on the mesothelial surfaces of the pleura or peritoneum. Despite being a well-recognized rare disease for decades, the only approved primary treatment protocol has been platinum-based treatments plus pemetrexed, whether or not bevacizumab is administered. Immunotherapy-based immune checkpoint inhibitors demonstrated a promising antitumor efficacy in a variety of cancer types. This is a systematic review of the current role of durvalumab in the management of this condition.
Methods A systematic search was carried out through the databases and search engines. Regardless of study design, line of therapy, mode of therapy, or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, studies that primarily focused on the outcomes of treating this disease with durvalumab were eligible for inclusion. After the initial and full-text screenings, five studies were reviewed.
Results The median age of the total 235 patients was 66.9 years. Males comprised 174 (74.04%) of the cases, with 61 (25.95%) cases being female. The Epithelioid mesothelioma subtype accounted for 194 (82.55%) of the patients. Durvalumab, in combination with pemetrexed cisplatin/carboplatin as therapy, was used in 109 (48.38%) cases. Durvalumab and tremelimumab were used in the treatment of 40 (17.02%) cases, of which 17 (7.23%) had retreatment with both immunotherapies. Among the patients who underwent durvalumab treatment, 69 (29.36% ) of the individuals previously received carboplatin/pemetrexed and cisplatin/pemetrexed.
Conclusion Durvalumab can be utilized as an effective alternative for malignant pleural mesothelioma treatment, providing positive results and acceptable safety profiles.
Wirya N. Sabr, Rawa M. Ali, Ali H. Hasan, Hadeel A. Yasseen, Dlsoz M. Hussein, Zana B. Najmadden, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Berun A. Abdalla and 2 more
Introduction Pulmonary sequestration is a rare condition accounting for 0.1% to 6% of all congenital lung malformations. The correlation with Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) type 1 has not been adequately elucidated. Case presentation From routine fetal sonographic screening, a 20-day-old female baby's…
Pulmonary Sequestration and Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) 1 Presented as A Left Suprarenal Mass:ACase Report
Wirya N. Sabr, Rawa M. Ali, Ali H. Hasan, Hadeel A. Yasseen, Dlsoz M. Hussein, Zana B. Najmadden, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Berun A. Abdalla and 2 more
IntroductionPulmonary sequestration is a rare condition accounting for 0.1% to 6% of all congenital lung malformations. The correlation with Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) type 1 has not been adequately elucidated.
Case presentationFrom routine fetal sonographic screening, a 20-day-old female baby's ultrasound revealed hydronephrosis with enlargement above the left kidney. Magnetic resonance imaging during a follow-up appointment uncovered a left suprarenal lesion of approximately 30 mm, which was not suspected to be adrenal neuroblastoma. After resection, histological analysis was consistent with pulmonary sequestration and confirmed the connection with CPAM type 1.
ConclusionSurgery remains the only effective therapeutic choice for intra-abdominal pulmonary sequestration. The definitive diagnosis is confirmed through histological examination.
Soran H. Tahira, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Dlsoz M. Hussein, Shorsh A. Mohammed, Rezheen J. Rshid, Karzan M. Salih, Shvan H. Mohammed, Hussein M. Hamasalih and 1 more
Introduction Behcet's disease is a rare, multisystemic disease marked by vasculitis and a triad of recurrent oral and genital mucosa ulcers, as well as relapsing uveitis and thrombophlebitis. Mediastinal fibrosis is extremely rare in Behcet's disease. Case presentation We present ultrasound and computed tomography (CT…
Behcet’s Disease Presenting with Focal Fibrosing Mediastinitis and SVC Thrombosis: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Soran H. Tahira, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Dlsoz M. Hussein, Shorsh A. Mohammed, Rezheen J. Rshid, Karzan M. Salih, Shvan H. Mohammed, Hussein M. Hamasalih and 1 more
IntroductionBehcet's disease is a rare, multisystemic disease marked by vasculitis and a triad of recurrent oral and genital mucosa ulcers, as well as relapsing uveitis and thrombophlebitis. Mediastinal fibrosis is extremely rare in Behcet's disease.
Case presentationWe present ultrasound and computed tomography (CT scan) in a 26-year male with mediastinal fibrosis and superior vena cava (SVC) thrombosis, with thrombus in left internal jugular veins (IJV) associated with Behcet’s disease.
ConclusionBehcet's disease can cause mediastinal fibrosis in rare cases. CT and MRI are efficient methods for detecting mediastinal fibrosis and superior vena cava thrombosis.
Fahmi H. Kakamad, Shorsh A. Mohammed, Soran H. Tahir, Rezheen Jamal, Dana H. Baqi, Dlsoz M. Hussein, Bnar J. Hama Amin, Razhan K. Ali and 1 more
Introduction Behcet's disease is a multisystemic disorder of unknown etiology. Vascular involvement is identified by the development of aneurysms and occlusion of the vessels. The current report aimed to discuss a case of Behcet disease presented with a bilateral pulmonary aneurysm. Case presentation A 41-year-old…
Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm-Related Fatal Hemoptysis in Behcet's Disease: A Case Report with Literature Review
Fahmi H. Kakamad, Shorsh A. Mohammed, Soran H. Tahir, Rezheen Jamal, Dana H. Baqi, Dlsoz M. Hussein, Bnar J. Hama Amin, Razhan K. Ali and 1 more
IntroductionBehcet's disease is a multisystemic disorder of unknown etiology. Vascular involvement is identified by the development of aneurysms and occlusion of the vessels. The current report aimed to discuss a case of Behcet disease presented with a bilateral pulmonary aneurysm.
Case presentationA 41-year-old woman presented with recurrent attacks of hemoptysis for two years. A chest computed tomography scan revealed bilateral pulmonary artery aneurysm. Repeated bronchoscopy showed bleeding from the right lower lobe bronchus. She underwent a right-side thoracotomy with a right lower lobectomy. She was scheduled for left-side intervention as well. Before discharge, she was seen by a rheumatologist and was diagnosed with a case of Behcet disease. She developed attacks of massive hemoptysis (huge and bright blood) after two weeks which led to her passing away.
ConclusionAlthough it is rare, Behcet disease could involve major arteries and lead to fatal complications. Surgical intervention remained a viable option for the management.
Dlsoz M. Hussein, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Bnar J. Hama Amin, Dana H. Baqi, Soran H. Tahir, Abdulwahid M. Salih, Razhan K. Ali, Fattah H. Fattah and 5 more
Introduction It is uncommon to have a hydatid cyst in the pulmonary artery. Typically, it results from an intracardiac cyst or a surgical cyst rupturing from a hepatic origin. The objective of this systematic review is to describe this rare disease. Methods The electronic search engine and database "Google Scholar"…
Hydatid Cyst in the Pulmonary Artery: A Systematic Review
Dlsoz M. Hussein, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Bnar J. Hama Amin, Dana H. Baqi, Soran H. Tahir, Abdulwahid M. Salih, Razhan K. Ali, Fattah H. Fattah and 5 more
IntroductionIt is uncommon to have a hydatid cyst in the pulmonary artery. Typically, it results from an intracardiac cyst or a surgical cyst rupturing from a hepatic origin.The objective of this systematic review is to describe this rare disease.
MethodsThe electronic search engine and database "Google Scholar" and "PubMed" were systematically searched for pertinent publications in the English language.
ResultsA total of 45 papers were initially found by the systematic search; however, only 16 studies that comprised 16 patients were included. Eight (50%) of the patients were male and eight (50%) were female. Hemoptysis, dyspnea, bloody sputum, vomiting, and shortness of breath were the clinically significant symptoms. Twelve (75%) of the patients had a history of hepatic hydatid disease, followed by three patients (18.8%) with primary lung cystic lesions, and one (6.3%) patient with primary cardiac lesions. Severe pulmonary hypertension, septic shock, and massive hemoptysis all contributed to the death of three (18.8%) patients.
ConclusionLocalization of hydatid cysts inside the pulmonary artery is incredibly uncommon but life-threatening condition. Surgery may be the last remaining choice for some patients.
