Exploring Large Language Models Integration in the Histopathologic Diagnosis of Skin Diseases: A Comparative Study
Introduction The exact manner in which large language models will be integrated into pathology is not yet fully comprehended. This study examines the accuracy, benefits, biases, and limitations of large language models in diagnosing dermatologic conditions within pathology. Methods A pathologist compiled 60 real…
2025 959 reads 1 citation
Original Articles
Exploring Large Language Models Integration in the Histopathologic Diagnosis of Skin Diseases: A Comparative Study
IntroductionThe exact manner in which large language models will be integrated into pathology is not yet fully comprehended. This study examines the accuracy, benefits, biases, and limitations of large language models in diagnosing dermatologic conditions within pathology.
MethodsA pathologist compiled 60 real histopathology case scenarios of skin conditions from a hospital database. Two other pathologists reviewed each patient’s demographics, clinical details, histopathology findings, and original diagnosis. These cases were presented to ChatGPT-3.5, Gemini, and an external pathologist. Each response was classified as complete agreement, partial agreement, or no agreement with the original pathologist’s diagnosis.
ResultsChatGPT-3.5 had 29 (48.4%) complete agreements, 14 (23.3%) partial agreements, and 17 (28.3%) none agreements. Gemini showed 20 (33%), 9 (15%), and 31 (52%) complete agreement, partial agreement, and no agreement responses, respectively. Additionally, the external pathologist had 36(60%), 17(28%), and 7(12%) complete agreements, partial agreements, and no agreements responses, respectively, in relation to the pathologists’ diagnosis. Significant differences in diagnostic agreement were found between the LLMs (ChatGPT, Gemini) and the pathologist (P < 0.001).
ConclusionIn certain instances, ChatGPT-3.5 and Gemini may provide an accurate diagnosis of skin pathologies when presented with relevant patient history and descriptions of histopathological reports. However, their overall performance is insufficient for reliable use in real-life clinical settings.
Keywords ChatGPT Gemini Large language models Dermatology Histopathology All subjects
Barw Medical Journal. 2025;3(3):6–12