Barw Barw Medical Journal 2960-1959 2023 08 25 Role of Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Review Article 10.58742/bmj.v1i2.47 eng Nsren Sharef Sabr Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq. nasren.sabr@gmail.com Fakher Abdullah Kscien Organization for Scientific Research (Europe office), Verboomstraat 175b, 3082 jj Rotterdam, Netherlands. fakherabdullah1976@gmail.com Hiwa Shafiq Namiq College of Pharmacy, Department of Basic science, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq. hiwa.namiq@gmail.com Nashaddin A. Mohammed Halabja General Hospital, Halabja, Kurdistan, Iraq. nashaddin.mohammed@gmail.com Zardasht Mahmud Ahamed Hospital of Treatment Victims Chemical Weapon in Halabja, Halabja, Kurdistan, Iraq.. zardasht.ahmed@gmail.com Abdullah K. Ghafour Shahid Peshraw Hospital, Chamchamal, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq.. abdullah.ghafour@gmail.com Saywan Kakarash Asaad College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq. saywan.asaad@gmail.com Fahmi H. Kakamad College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq. fahmi.hussein@univsul.edu.iq Ayoob Asaad Mohammed Abid College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq. ayoob.abid12@gmail.com Diyar A. Omer Medical Laboratory Technology, Shaqlawa Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq. diyar.omar@gmail.com Suhaib H. Kakamad Kscien Organization for Scientific Research (Middle East office), Hamid Str, Azadi Mall, Sulaimani, Kurdstan, Iraq. suhaib.kakamad@gmail.com Soran H. Tahir Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq. soran.tahir@univsul.edu.iq Berun A. Abdalla Smart Health Tower, Scientific Affairs Department, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq. berun.anwer95@gmail.com Choman Sabah Omer Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq. choman.omer@gmail.com Rezheen J. Rashid Hiwa Cancer Hospital, Sulaimani Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq.. rezheen.rashid@gmail.com 2023 08 05 Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (nTOS), characterized by brachial plexus compression within the thoracic outlet, poses diagnostic challenges due to its variable symptoms and lack of standardized criteria. Ultrasound has emerged as a valuable diagnostic tool, offering dynamic imaging, high-resolution visualization of soft tissues, and differentiation between neurogenic and vascular forms. We reviewed the literature regarding ultrasound's role in nTOS diagnosis. Ultrasound's dynamic assessment aids in understanding nerve and vessel compression during arm movements, providing insights beyond static imaging. High-resolution imaging detects structural anomalies contributing to nTOS and reveals direct and indirect signs, such as brachial plexus or vessel compression. Varied findings exist regarding ultrasound sensitivity and specificity. Despite potential benefits, controversy remains, highlighting the need for further research to establish standardized protocols, refine techniques, and explore integrated diagnostic approaches for nTOS.