Barw Barw Medical Journal 2960-1959 2025 09 10 Hydatid Disease of The Brain Parenchyma: A Systematic Review 26 44 10.58742/bmj.vi.203 eng Fattah H. Fattah College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. fattah.fattah@univsul.edu.iq Azad Star Hattam Scientific Affairs Department, Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. azad.hattam@gmial.com Zana Omar kak Abdullah Department of Neurology, Shar Hospital, Malik Mahmud Ring Road, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. zana.abdullah@gmail.com Khanda A. Anwar Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. khanda.anwar7@univsul.edu.iq Rezhen J. Rashid Dermatology of Radiology, Hiwa Cancer Hospital, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. rezheen.rashid@gmail.com Abdullah K. Ghafour Scientific Affairs Department, Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. abdullah.ghafour@gmail.com Alaa B. Latif College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. alaa.latif@gmail.com Hiwa O. Abdullah Scientific Affairs Department, Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. hiewaom96@gmail.com Sasan M. Ahmed Kscien Organization for Scientific Research (Middle East office), Hamid Str, Azadi Mall, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. sasan0751@gmail.com Abdullah Dler Ahmad Scientific Affairs Department, Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. abdullah.dler@gmail.com 2025 07 10 Introduction Isolated brain hydatid disease (BHD) is an extremely rare form of echinococcosis. A prompt and timely diagnosis is a crucial step in disease management. This study is a systematic review of studies on intra-parenchymal BHD. Methods Studies that had the following properties were included: 1) The intra-parenchymal brain infection had been confirmed by diagnostic modalities, surgical findings, or histopathology. 2) The patient details were provided in the study. 3) The cystic lesion [s] were located intracranially. Results Altogether, 112 studies with a sample size of 178 cases met the inclusion criteria. Males (60.1%) showed a higher prevalence of the disease than females (38.2%). Most of the cases (64%) were affected during the first and second decades of their lives. Left-side multi-lobe involvement was the most common type of involvement (28.1%), followed by right-side multi-lobe involvement (26.4%). Surgery was the primary treatment option (97.2%), with the Dowling technique or the modified Arana-Iniguez method as the preferred approach. The total recurrence and mortality rates were 7.3% and 3.4%, respectively. Conclusion The definitive treatment for BHD is surgery, with the aim of removing cysts intact or excising mass lesions completely. A history of cyst rupture during operation may increase the likelihood of recurrence, and an extensive follow-up is required.