Barw Barw Medical Journal 2960-1959 2025 02 10 RETRACTED: Arteriovenous Fistula Creation for Hemodialysis in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease with and Without Surgical Drain: A Randomized Control Trial 10.58742/bmj.v3i2.170 eng Lokish S. Jaswel Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan Sub-Metropolitan City, Koshi Province, Nepal. lokish@gmail.com Narayan Oste Department of Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal. oste@gmail.com Satish Vaidy Department of Surgery, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavrepalanchowk District, Nepal. vaidysatish55@gmail.com 2025 01 10 Introduction Failure of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) disrupts hemodialysis access and reduces the available area for future access. Preventive interventions are necessary to avoid AVF failure. This study evaluates the impact of surgical drainage during AVF creation for hemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).  Methods This single-center, phase II, randomized controlled trial was conducted from June 2020 to June 2023. Ninety-four patients were randomly assigned into two groups: Group A (with a surgical drain) and Group B (without a drain). Patients were followed for six months post-surgery. The primary outcome was AVF primary patency, and secondary outcomes included postoperative complications. Results The average age of participants was 63.7 years, with 50 male patients. The most common cause of renal failure was glomerular disease (29.8%), and most AVFs were located on the left side (57.4%). Brachiocephalic AVFs were the most frequent type (70.2%). Postoperative hematoma was more common in Group B (42.6%) than in Group A (17%) (P = 0.007). The primary patency rate at six months was higher in Group A (87.2%) compared to Group B (76.6%), though the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.180). Conclusion The use of surgical drainage during AVF creation may reduce postoperative complications, such as hematomas, and potentially improve primary patency rates, contributing to better outcomes for patients undergoing hemodialysis.