Barw Barw Medical Journal 2960-1959 2024 11 30 Breast Carcinoma within Fibroadenoma: A Systematic Review 10.58742/bmj.v2i4.144 eng Abdulwahid M. Salih Scientific Affairs Department, Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. abdulwahid.salih@univsul.edu.iq Lana R.A. Pshtiwan Scientific Affairs Department, Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. lana.pshtiwan@gmail.com Mohammed Gh. Hamasaeed Scientific Affairs Department, Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. mohammed111@gmail.com Sami S. Omar Rizgary Oncology Center, Peshawa Qazi Street, Erbil, Iraq . sami.omar@gmail.com Shaban Latif Scientific Affairs Department, Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. shaban.latif@gmail.com Shadi H. Sidiq Department of Nursing, Raparin Technical and Vocational Institute, Rania, Iraq. shadi@gmail.com Bushra O. Hussein Scientific Affairs Department, Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. bushra.hussein@gmail.com Hunar A. Hassan Kscien Organization for Scientific Rsearch (Middle East Office), Hamid Street, Azadi Mall, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. Hunar.hassan@gmail.com Diyar A. Omar Medical Laboratory Technology, Shaqlawa Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq. diyar.omar@gmail.com Sarhang S. Abdalla Scientific Affairs Department, Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. sarhang.abdullah@gmail.com Hemn A. Hassan Kscien Organization for Scientific Rsearch (Middle East Office), Hamid Street, Azadi Mall, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. hemn.ali@gmail.com Yousif M. Mahmood Scientific Affairs Department, Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. yousuf.smarthealth@gmail.com Marwan N. Hassan Scientific Affairs Department, Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. marwan.nasih12@gmail.com Dahat A. Hussein Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. dahat.hussein@gmail.com Sasan M. Ahmed Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. sasan0751@gmail.com Hiwa O. Abdullah Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. hiewaom96@gmail.com Berun A. Abdalla Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. berun.anwer95@gmail.com 2024 10 20 Introduction Fibroadenoma is the most common benign breast lesion; however, it carries a potential risk of malignant transformation. This systematic review provides an overview of the presentation, management, and outcome of carcinomas arising within fibroadenomas. Methods A systematic search on Google Scholar was conducted for English-language studies on breast carcinoma within fibroadenomas. Studies on fibroadenomas with no malignant components, review articles, pre-prints, incomplete data, and those published in suspicious journals were excluded. Results On ultrasonography, 28 masses (36.8%) appeared benign, and 20 (26.3%) were suspicious, with ultrasonographic data unavailable for the remaining tumors (36.8%). Mammography data were available for 50 tumors, revealing 27 benign lesions (54%) and 23 suspicious lesions (46%). Among the 17 lesions with available magnetic resonance imaging data, five were benign lesions (29.4%), and 12 were suspicious (70.6%). Cytology evaluation among 46 tumors revealed that 20 (43.5%) were benign, 24 (52.2%) were malignant, and two (4.3%) were suspicious. The most commonly performed surgery was wide local excision (50.7%), followed by mastectomy (32.9%). On histopathology, 11 tumors exhibited more than one pathology. Ductal carcinoma in situ was the most frequent finding (40.8%), followed by invasive ductal carcinoma (28.9%) and lobular carcinoma in situ (28.4%). Recurrence was observed in one case (1.4%), and metastasis occurred in two cases (2.8%). Conclusion Although rare, carcinomas arising within fibroadenomas may present considerable challenges in preoperative diagnosis, whether through imaging or cytology. Therefore, clinicians may find it necessary to approach fibroadenomas with increased caution.