Barw Barw Medical Journal 2960-1959 2024 09 18 Revisiting Pulmonary Sporotrichosis: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of an Overlooked Fungal Infection 10.58742/bmj.v2i3.120 eng Fahmi H. Kakamad College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. fahmi.hussein@univsul.edu.iq Harem K. Ahmed Shar Teaching Hospital, Department of Medicine, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. harem.kareem@gmail.com Hadi Mohammed Abdullah Faruq Medical City, Department of Medicine, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. hadi.abdullah@gmail.com Bnar J. Hama Amin Shar Teaching Hospital, Department of Medicine, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. bnar.hamaamin@gmail.com Fattah H. Fattah College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. fattah.fattah@univsul.edu.iq Khanda A. Anwar Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. khanda.anwar7@univsul.edu.iq Hemin S. Mohammed Xzmat polyclinic, Rizgari, Kalar, Iraq. hemin.mohammed@gmail.com Fakher Abdullah Kscien Organization for Scientific Research (Europe office), Rotterdam, Netherlands . fakherabdullah1976@gmail.com Tomas M. Mikael Kscien Organization for Scientific Research (Middle East office), Hamdi Street, Azadi Mall, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. tomas12@gmail.com Suhaib H. Kakamd Department of Immunology and Hematology, College of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Science, Sanandaj, Iran. suhaib.kakamad@gmail.com Yousif M. Mahmood Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. yousuf.smarthealth@gmail.com Marwan N. Hassan Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. marwan.nasih12@gmail.com Hiwa O. Abdullah Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. hiewaom96@gmail.com Berun A. Abdalla Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. berun.anwer95@gmail.com 2024 08 01 Introduction Pulmonary sporotrichosis (PST) is a rare and neglected but severe disease. Its optimal management remains challenging, as recommendations are primarily derived from case reports. This study summarizes PST patients' presentation, diagnosis, management, and outcome. Methods Studies were identified through a search on Google Scholar and PubMed. The collected data included study characteristics, demographic data, risk factors, comorbidities, clinical status, presentations, imaging findings, diagnostic methods, disease focality, fungal species, treatment methods, complications, ICU admission status, and outcomes. Results Most of the studies were conducted in the USA (71.7%). In total, 34.7% of the cases were smokers, 30.7% had occupational exposure to dust and soil, 5.3% had contact with pets or roses or wooden materials, and 2.7% had environmental exposure. Overall, 32% of the patients were alcoholic, 29.3% had bacterial infections, 24% had respiratory or pulmonary diseases, and 17.3% were found to have HIV. The most frequently reported symptom was coughing (61.3%). The most common imaging finding was cavitary lesions (53.3%). The most commonly utilized diagnostic approach was sputum culture (69.3%). A combined conservative regimen was the treatment of choice in 26 patients (34.7%). The survival rate was 69.3%, with a recurrence rate of 5.8%. Conclusion The coexistence of multiple risk factors may trigger the disease. Its low incidence in endemic areas suggests the potential for missed or misdiagnosed cases. Treatment approaches include a combined conservative regimen or in combination with surgery. The survival rate is high, but the mortality rate should not be overlooked.